GATE Exam 2021-22: Full Syllabus Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, Metallurgical Engineering PDF and Notification

 

NM Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering Syllabus

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics 

Determinants and matrices, Systems of linear equations, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Functions, gradient, divergence, curl, chain rules, partial derivatives, directional derivatives, definite and indefinite integrals, line surface and volume integrals, theorems of Stokes, Gauss and Green. Linear, non-linear, first and higher order ordinary and partial differential equations, separation of variables. Laplace transformation, analytical functions of complex variables, Fourier series, numerical methods for differentiation and integration, complex analysis, probability and statistics. 

Section 2: Applied Mechanics and Structures 

Engineering Mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations. 

Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson’s ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; torsion; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; theories and failure, material testing methods. 

Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of damped and undamped systems, single and multi DOF systems. 

Machine Design: Design for static and dynamic loading; Design of machine elements such as shafts, gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings; Joining technics such as bolting, riveting and welding.  

Section 3: Fluid Mechanics and Marine Hydrodynamics 

Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, stability of floating bodies; Conservation laws: Mass, momentum and energy (Integral and differential form); Dimensional analysis and dynamic similarity; sources, sinks, doublets, line vortex and their superposition; Stoke’s integral theorem. 

Generalised Bernoulli’s equation, sources, sinks, dipole, Flow with circulation, potential flow with rotational symmetry, hydrodynamical lift, Kutta-Joukowski theorem. Vortex motion- Fundamental concepts, vortex analogy to Biot-Savart’s law, straight parallel vortex filaments, vortex sheets. Viscous flowNavier-Stokes equations, Couette flow, Plane poiseuille flow. 

Equation of continuity, Euler‘s equation, Bernoulli‘s equation, Viscous flow of incompressible fluids, elementary turbulent flow, boundary layer, flow through pipes. Boundary layer theory- Prandtl’s boundary layer equations, criterion for separation, Blasius solution, Skin friction, displacement thickness, momentum thickness, Turbulent boundary layer, Boundary layer control. 

Airfoils- Lift, drag, circulation, pressure distribution-theory of thin aerofoils, wings of infinite and finite span, circulation distribution, Cavitation. Vorticity and Kelvin’s theorem, Potential flow theory, Sources, Sinks and Doublets, hydrodynamic forces in potential flow, D’Alembert’s paradox, added-mass, slender-body theory, hydrodynamic model testing, scaling laws, application of potential theory to surface waves, energy transport, wave/body forces, linearised theory of lifting surfaces.

Section 4: Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering 

Ship geometry and physical fundamentals - Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy and weight of ship, laws of flotation, heel and trim, stable and unstable equilibrium of ships, importance of streamlined hull shape, ship main particulars, hydrostatic calculations, 

Stability and trim of Ships: Statical stability at small angles of heel, Inclining experiment. Shift of centre of gravity due to addition or removal of mass, transverse movement of mass and effect, Free surface effect, Effect of suspended mass, Stability at large angles of heel, angle of loll, curves of statical stability, dynamical stability, Probabilistic and deterministic Damage Stability Different Characteristic curves of dynamic stability. Floodable length calculations and curves. Loss of stability due to grounding, docking stability. 

Resistance & Propulsion: Components of ship resistance, form factor, hull roughness, model testing and ship resistance prediction methods, tank wall effects, determination of ship resistance different series test results, resistance of advanced vehicles, appendage and added resistance. Geometry of screw propeller, propeller theories, hull-propeller interactions, different propulsive efficiency definitions. Propeller cavitation and effects. Propeller design and series. 

Open water and selfpropulsion model tests. Different types of propellers and their working principles. Propeller material, strength and manufacturing.Unconventional propellers Ship Manoeuvring and Motions: Ship path keeping and changing, equations of motion, linearised equations and control fixed stability indexes, model tests. Stability and control in the horizontal and vertical planes – definitive manoeuvres and sea trials. Rudder hydrodynamics, design and operation. Influence of propeller, hull, appendages etc. on rudder performance. 

Experimental methods for the determination of hydrodynamic derivatives. Ocean waves – regular, irregular, trochoidal. Wave spectrum, encounter frequency. Types of ship motions, coupled and non-coupled motions, equations of motion. Dynamic effects of ship motion in seaway. Different ship motion stabilisers – passive and active. Different numerical and experimental methods to determine ship motions – strip theory, BEM, FEM. Seakeeping features of highperformance marine vehicles. 

Ship Structures & Strength: Shipbuilding materials, joining techniques, ship structural and framing systems – bottom, side, deck, bulkhead, end structures, and structural connections. Primary and secondary structural members, superstructure, hatch covers, machinery foundations, cargo handling systems and support structures. 

Loads acting on ships in seaway, longitudinal and transverse strength considerations and estimation methods. Strength of hull girder, stiffened plate analysis, torsion of hull girder, deformation and stresses, local strength analysis; Reliability analysis and ultimate strength of hull girder, structural vibrations, fatigue and fracture. 

Physical Oceanography: Physical properties of seawater, Different types of ocean waves - tides and wind waves, and their importance. Offshore Structures: Fixed offshore platforms - Jackets, Gravity platforms; Floating platforms - semi-submersibles, jack-ups, TLPs, FPSOs; Mooring, station keeping. Port and Harbour Engineering: Ports and Harbours, Port structures - Jetties, Dolphins, Liquid berths, Dredging, Navigation 

Section 5: Thermodynamics and Marine Engineering 

Thermodynamics: First law of thermodynamics - Closed system undergoing a cycle; closed system undergoing a change of state; Internal energy of a system; Expansion work; Process using ideal gas - constant pressure, constant volume, isothermal; adiabatic and polytropic process -work done and heat added in different process; First law applied to one - dimensional steady flow process, flow energy, steady flow energy equation (ID). Second law of Thermodynamics - Different statements; Reversible and irreversible process; Corollaries of second law - Absolute temperature scale; Carnot cycle - Carnot engine, refrigerator and heat pump. Clausius inequality and definition of entropy, change of entropy of an ideal gas; Gas power cycles and I.C.Engines; Gas power cycles: Carnot cycle, Brayton cycle, Erricson cycle, Sterling cycle etc.; Air standard cycles- Otto- Diesel, Dual and Joule cycle; Evaluation of thermal efficiency and mean effective pressure; Internal Combustion engine - Classification of I.C. engines -Principle of operation of spark Ignition and Compression Ignition engines both two stroke and four stroke; Stages of combustion in S.I. and C.I. engines; Knocking and detonation-factors controlling knock and detonation, methods of preventing Knocking and detonation; Refrigeration - principle of operation of Simple vapour compression system, Comparison with vapour compression systems; Air conditioning principles - Sensible heating and cooling, Humidification and dehumidification, Cooling and humidification, Cooling and dehumidification- Heating and humidification, Heating and dehumidification, Adiabatic mixing of air streams –cooling and heating load calculation. 

Marine Diesel Engines: General engine principles, Low speed and medium speed diesel engines, Two and Four stroke engines, Scavenging and turbocharging, Fuel oil system, Lubricating oil systems, cooling systems, torque and power measurement, Starting air systems and reversing systems, controls and safety devices, Couplings and Gearboxes, Specific Fuel Consumption. Waste heat recovery system, MARPOL regulations and Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI), Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP). 

Marine Steam Turbines: Types of turbines, compounding, reheat, turbine construction, rotors, blades, casing, Gland sealing, diaphragms, nozzles, bearings etc. Lubrication systems, expansion arrangements, Gearings. Marine gas turbines – fundamentals of G.T, Structure of gas turbines, gearing, operational features, controls, combined cycles. Nuclear propulsion –physical principles of the operation of nuclear reactors – use of nuclear propulsion on seagoing vessels, Electrical Propulsion, 

Marine Boilers: Types - fire tube, water tube boilers, Package boilers, Cochran Boilers, Composite boilers, steam to steam generators, double evaporation boilers, exhaust gas heat exchangers, auxiliary steam plant systems, exhaust gas boilers, composite boilers. Boiler mounting, combustion, feed system, feedwater treatment.

Engine Dynamics: Torsional vibration of engine and shafting, axial shaft vibration, critical speeds, engine rating, rating corrections, trial tests etc. Relationship of engine to the propeller classification society rules on engine construction, Engine room arrangement. Automation of ship propulsion plants, Maintenance requirements and reliability of propulsion plants. 

Marine Auxiliary Machinery & Systems: Different types of pumps and piping systems in ships - hot water, drinking water, cooling water and seawater, fuel oil systems, lubricating oil system filters, coolers, centrifuges, purifiers and clarifiers, bilge and ballast systems, sewage disposal, oily water separator, air compressors, boilers, heat exchangers, waste heat recovery systems; Heat, ventilation and air conditioning systems; Dech machinery and cargo handling systems; Propulsions and steering gear systems.  

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MT Metallurgical Engineering Syllabus

Section 1: Engineering Mathematics 

Linear Algebra: Matrices and Determinants, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Calculus: Limit, Continuity and Differentiability; Partial derivatives; Maxima and minima; Sequences and series; Test for convergence; Fourier series. 

Vector Calculus: Gradient; Divergence and Curl; Line, Surface and volume integrals; Stokes, Gauss and Green’s theorems. 

Differential Equations: Linear and non-linear first order ODEs; Higher order linear ODEs with constant coefficients; Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations; Laplace transforms; PDEs –Laplace, one dimensional heat and wave equations. 

Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation; Random variables; Poisson, normal and binomial distributions; Analysis of experimental data; linear least squares method. 

Numerical Methods: Solutions of linear and non-linear (Bisection, Secant, Newton- Raphson methods) algebraic equations; integration by trapezoidal and Simpson’s rule; single and multi-step methods for differential equations. 

Section 2: Metallurgical Thermodynamics 

Laws of thermodynamics: First law – energy conservation, Second law - entropy; Enthalpy, Gibbs and Helmholtz free energy; Maxwell’s relations; Chemical potential; Applications to metallurgical systems, solutions, ideal and regular solutions; Gibbs phase rule, phase equilibria, binary phase diagram and lever rule, free-energy vs. composition diagrams; Equilibrium constant, Activity, Ellingham and phase stability diagrams; Thermodynamics of point defects, surfaces and interfaces, adsorption and segregation phenomena. 

Electrochemistry: Single electrode potential, Electrochemical cells, Nernst equation, Potential-pH diagrams.

Section 3: Transport Phenomena and Rate Processes 

Momentum transfer: Concept of viscosity, shell balances, Bernoulli’s equation, mechanical energy balance equation, flow past plane surfaces and through pipes. 

Heat transfer: Conduction, Fourier’s Law, 1-D steady state conduction. 

Convection: Heat transfer coefficient relations for forced convection. 

Radiation: Black body radiation, Stefan-Boltzman Law, Kirchhoff’s Law. 

Mass transfer: Diffusion and Fick’s laws, Mass transfer coefficients. Dimensional analysis: Buckingham Pi theorem, Significance of dimensionless numbers. Basic laws of chemical kinetics: First order reactions, reaction rate constant, Arrhenius relation, heterogeneous reactions, oxidation kinetics.

 Electrochemical kinetics: Polarization.

Section 4: Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy 

Comminution techniques, Size classification, Flotation, Gravity and other methods of mineral beneficiation; Agglomeration: sintering, pelletizing and briquetting. Material and Energy balances in metallurgical processes; Principles and processes for the extraction of non-ferrous metals – aluminum, copper and titanium. 

Iron and steel making: Material and heat balance in blast furnace; Structure and properties of slags and molten salts – basicity of slags - sulphide and phosphate capacity of slags; Production of metallurgical coke. Other methods of iron making (COREX, MIDRE) Primary steel making: Basic oxygen furnace, process dynamics, oxidation reactions, electric arc furnace. 

Secondary steel making: Ladle process – deoxidation, argon stirring, desulphurization, inclusion shape control, principles of degassing methods; Basics of stainless steel manufacturing. 

Continuous Casting: Fluid flow in the tundish and mould, heat transfer in the mould, segregation, inclusion control.  

Section 5: Physical Metallurgy 

Chemical Bonding: Ionic, covalent, metallic, and secondary bonding in materials, Crystal structure of solids – metals and alloys, ionic and covalent solids, and polymers. 

X-ray Diffraction – Bragg’s law, optical metallography, principles of SEM imaging. 

Crystal Imperfections: Point, line and surface defects; Coherent, semi-coherent and incoherent interfaces. 

Diffusion in solids: Diffusion equation, steady state and error function solutions; Exampleshomogenenization and carburization; Kirkendall effect; Uphill diffusion; Atomic models for interstitial and substitutional diffusion; Pipe diffusion and grain boundary diffusion. 

Phase transformation: Driving force, Homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation, growth Kinetics Solidification in isomorphous, eutectic and peritectic systems, cast structures and macrosegregation, dendritic solidification and constitutional supercooling, coring and microsegregation. 

Solid state transformations: Precipitation, spinoidal decomposition, ordering, massive transformation, discontinuous precipitation, eutectoid transformation, diffusionless transformations; Precipitate coarsening, Gibbs-Thomson effect. Principles of heat treatment of steels, TTT and CCT diagrams; Surface hardening treatments; Recovery, recrystallization and grain growth; Heat treatment of cast iron and aluminium alloys. Electronic, magnetic and optical properties of materials. Basic forms of corrosion and its prevention.

Section 6: Mechanical Metallurgy 

Strain tensor and stress tensor, Representation by Mohr’s circle, elasticity, stiffness and compliance tensor, Yield criteria, Plastic deformation by slip and twinning. 

Dislocation theory: Edge, screw and mixed dislocations, source and multiplication of dislocations, stress fields around dislocations; Partial dislocations, dislocation interactions and reactions.

 Strengthening mechanisms: Work/strain hardening, strengthening due to grain boundaries, solid solution, precipitation and dispersion. Fracture behaviour, Griffith theory, linear elastic fracture mechanics, fracture toughness, fractography, ductile to brittle transition. 

Fatigue: Cyclic stress strain behaviour - low and high cycle fatigue, crack growth. Mechanisms of high temperature deformation and failure; creep and stress rupture, stress exponent and activation energy

Section 7: Manufacturing Processes 

Metal casting: Mould design involving feeding, gating and risering, casting practices, casting defects.

 Hot, warm and cold working of metals: Metal forming – fundamentals of metal forming processes of rolling, forging, extrusion, wire drawing and sheet metal forming, defects in forming. 

Metal joining: Principles of soldering, brazing and welding, welding metallurgy, defects in welded joints in steels and aluminum alloys. 

Powder metallurgy: production of powders, compaction and sintering. Non-destructive Testing (NDT): Dye-penetrant, ultrasonic, radiography, eddy current, acoustic emission and magnetic particle inspection methods. 

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